Setup
Overview of Paperless-ng
Compared to paperless, paperless-ng works a little different under the hood and has more moving parts that work together. While this increases the complexity of the system, it also brings many benefits.
Paperless consists of the following components:
The webserver: This is pretty much the same as in paperless. It serves the administration pages, the API, and the new frontend. This is the main tool you’ll be using to interact with paperless. You may start the webserver with
$ cd /path/to/paperless/src/ $ gunicorn -c ../gunicorn.conf.py paperless.wsgi
or by any other means such as Apache
mod_wsgi
.The consumer: This is what watches your consumption folder for documents. However, the consumer itself does not really consume your documents. Now it notifies a task processor that a new file is ready for consumption. I suppose it should be named differently. This was also used to check your emails, but that’s now done elsewhere as well.
Start the consumer with the management command
document_consumer
:$ cd /path/to/paperless/src/ $ python3 manage.py document_consumer
The task processor: Paperless relies on Django Q for doing most of the heavy lifting. This is a task queue that accepts tasks from multiple sources and processes these in parallel. It also comes with a scheduler that executes certain commands periodically.
This task processor is responsible for:
Consuming documents. When the consumer finds new documents, it notifies the task processor to start a consumption task.
The task processor also performs the consumption of any documents you upload through the web interface.
Consuming emails. It periodically checks your configured accounts for new emails and notifies the task processor to consume the attachment of an email.
Maintaining the search index and the automatic matching algorithm. These are things that paperless needs to do from time to time in order to operate properly.
This allows paperless to process multiple documents from your consumption folder in parallel! On a modern multi core system, this makes the consumption process with full OCR blazingly fast.
The task processor comes with a built-in admin interface that you can use to check whenever any of the tasks fail and inspect the errors (i.e., wrong email credentials, errors during consuming a specific file, etc).
You may start the task processor by executing:
$ cd /path/to/paperless/src/ $ python3 manage.py qcluster
A redis message broker: This is a really lightweight service that is responsible for getting the tasks from the webserver and the consumer to the task scheduler. These run in a different process (maybe even on different machines!), and therefore, this is necessary.
Optional: A database server. Paperless supports both PostgreSQL and SQLite for storing its data.
Installation
You can go multiple routes to setup and run Paperless:
Install Paperless directly on your system manually (bare metal)
Use ansible to install Paperless on your system automatically (bare metal)
The Docker routes are quick & easy. These are the recommended routes. This configures all the stuff from the above automatically so that it just works and uses sensible defaults for all configuration options. Here you find a cheat-sheet for docker beginners: CLI Basics
The bare metal route is complicated to setup but makes it easier should you want to contribute some code back. You need to configure and run the above mentioned components yourself.
The ansible route combines benefits of both options: the setup process is fully automated, reproducible and idempotent, it includes the same sensible defaults, and it simultaneously provides the flexibility of a bare metal installation.
Install Paperless from Docker Hub using the installation script
Paperless provides an interactive installation script. This script will ask you for a couple configuration options, download and create the necessary configuration files, pull the docker image, start paperless and create your user account. This script essentially performs all the steps described in Install Paperless from Docker Hub automatically.
Make sure that docker and docker-compose are installed.
Download and run the installation script:
$ curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jonaswinkler/paperless-ng/master/install-paperless-ng.sh | bash
Install Paperless from Docker Hub
Login with your user and create a folder in your home-directory mkdir -v ~/paperless-ng to have a place for your configuration files and consumption directory.
Go to the /docker/compose directory on the project page and download one of the docker-compose.*.yml files, depending on which database backend you want to use. Rename this file to docker-compose.yml. If you want to enable optional support for Office documents, download a file with -tika in the file name. Download the
docker-compose.env
file and the.env
file as well and store them in the same directory.Hint
For new installations, it is recommended to use PostgreSQL as the database backend.
Install Docker and docker-compose.
Caution
If you want to use the included
docker-compose.*.yml
file, you need to have at least Docker version 17.09.0 and docker-compose version 1.17.0. To check do: docker-compose -v or docker -vSee the Docker installation guide on how to install the current version of Docker for your operating system or Linux distribution of choice. To get the latest version of docker-compose, follow the docker-compose installation guide if your package repository doesn’t include it.
Modify
docker-compose.yml
to your preferences. You may want to change the path to the consumption directory. Find the line that specifies where to mount the consumption directory:- ./consume:/usr/src/paperless/consume
Replace the part BEFORE the colon with a local directory of your choice:
- /home/jonaswinkler/paperless-inbox:/usr/src/paperless/consume
Don’t change the part after the colon or paperless wont find your documents.
Modify
docker-compose.env
, following the comments in the file. The most important change is to setUSERMAP_UID
andUSERMAP_GID
to the uid and gid of your user on the host system. Useid -u
andid -g
to get these.This ensures that both the docker container and you on the host machine have write access to the consumption directory. If your UID and GID on the host system is 1000 (the default for the first normal user on most systems), it will work out of the box without any modifications. id “username” to check.
Note
You can copy any setting from the file
paperless.conf.example
and paste it here. Have a look at Configuration to see what’s available.Caution
Some file systems such as NFS network shares don’t support file system notifications with
inotify
. When storing the consumption directory on such a file system, paperless will not pick up new files with the default configuration. You will need to usePAPERLESS_CONSUMER_POLLING
, which will disable inotify. See here.Run
docker-compose pull
, followed bydocker-compose up -d
. This will pull the image, create and start the necessary containers.To be able to login, you will need a super user. To create it, execute the following command:
$ docker-compose run --rm webserver createsuperuser
This will prompt you to set a username, an optional e-mail address and finally a password (at least 8 characters).
The default
docker-compose.yml
exports the webserver on your local port 8000. If you did not change this, you should now be able to visit your Paperless instance athttp://127.0.0.1:8000
or your servers IP-Address:8000. Use the login credentials you have created with the previous step.
Build the Docker image yourself
Clone the entire repository of paperless:
git clone https://github.com/jonaswinkler/paperless-ng
The master branch always reflects the latest stable version.
Copy one of the
docker/compose/docker-compose.*.yml
todocker-compose.yml
in the root folder, depending on which database backend you want to use. Copydocker-compose.env
into the project root as well.In the
docker-compose.yml
file, find the line that instructs docker-compose to pull the paperless image from Docker Hub:webserver: image: jonaswinkler/paperless-ng:latest
and replace it with a line that instructs docker-compose to build the image from the current working directory instead:
webserver: build: .
Run the
compile-frontend.sh
script. This requiresnode
andnpm >= v15
.Follow steps 3 to 8 of Install Paperless from Docker Hub. When asked to run
docker-compose pull
to pull the image, do$ docker-compose build
instead to build the image.
Bare Metal Route
Paperless runs on linux only. The following procedure has been tested on a minimal installation of Debian/Buster, which is the current stable release at the time of writing. Windows is not and will never be supported.
Install dependencies. Paperless requires the following packages.
python3
3.6, 3.7, 3.8, 3.9python3-pip
python3-dev
fonts-liberation
for generating thumbnails for plain text filesimagemagick
>= 6 for PDF conversionoptipng
for optimizing thumbnailsgnupg
for handling encrypted documentslibpq-dev
for PostgreSQLlibmagic-dev
for mime type detectionmime-support
for mime type detection
Use this list for your preferred package management:
python3 python3-pip python3-dev imagemagick fonts-liberation optipng gnupg libpq-dev libmagic-dev mime-support
These dependencies are required for OCRmyPDF, which is used for text recognition.
unpaper
ghostscript
icc-profiles-free
qpdf
liblept5
libxml2
pngquant
zlib1g
tesseract-ocr
>= 4.0.0 for OCRtesseract-ocr
language packs (tesseract-ocr-eng
,tesseract-ocr-deu
, etc)
Use this list for your preferred package management:
unpaper ghostscript icc-profiles-free qpdf liblept5 libxml2 pngquant zlib1g tesseract-ocr
On Raspberry Pi, these libraries are required as well:
libatlas-base-dev
libxslt1-dev
You will also need
build-essential
,python3-setuptools
andpython3-wheel
for installing some of the python dependencies.Install
redis
>= 5.0 and configure it to start automatically.Optional. Install
postgresql
and configure a database, user and password for paperless. If you do not wish to use PostgreSQL, SQLite is available as well.Get the release archive from https://github.com/jonaswinkler/paperless-ng/releases. If you clone the git repo as it is, you also have to compile the front end by yourself. Extract the archive to a place from where you wish to execute it, such as
/opt/paperless
.Configure paperless. See Configuration for details. Edit the included
paperless.conf
and adjust the settings to your needs. Required settings for getting paperless running are:PAPERLESS_REDIS
should point to your redis server, such as redis://localhost:6379.PAPERLESS_DBHOST
should be the hostname on which your PostgreSQL server is running. Do not configure this to use SQLite instead. Also configure port, database name, user and password as necessary.PAPERLESS_CONSUMPTION_DIR
should point to a folder which paperless should watch for documents. You might want to have this somewhere else. Likewise,PAPERLESS_DATA_DIR
andPAPERLESS_MEDIA_ROOT
define where paperless stores its data. If you like, you can point both to the same directory.PAPERLESS_SECRET_KEY
should be a random sequence of characters. It’s used for authentication. Failure to do so allows third parties to forge authentication credentials.
Many more adjustments can be made to paperless, especially the OCR part. The following options are recommended for everyone:
Set
PAPERLESS_OCR_LANGUAGE
to the language most of your documents are written in.Set
PAPERLESS_TIME_ZONE
to your local time zone.
Create a system user under which you wish to run paperless.
adduser paperless --system --home /opt/paperless --group
Ensure that these directories exist and that the paperless user has write permissions to the following directories:
/opt/paperless/media
/opt/paperless/data
/opt/paperless/consume
Adjust as necessary if you configured different folders.
Install python requirements from the
requirements.txt
file. It is up to you if you wish to use a virtual environment or not. First you should update your pip, so it gets the actual packages.sudo -Hu paperless pip3 install --upgrade pip
sudo -Hu paperless pip3 install -r requirements.txt
This will install all python dependencies in the home directory of the new paperless user.
Go to
/opt/paperless/src
, and execute the following commands:# This creates the database schema. sudo -Hu paperless python3 manage.py migrate # This creates your first paperless user sudo -Hu paperless python3 manage.py createsuperuser
Optional: Test that paperless is working by executing
# This collects static files from paperless and django. sudo -Hu paperless python3 manage.py runserver
and pointing your browser to http://localhost:8000/.
Warning
This is a development server which should not be used in production. It is not audited for security and performance is inferior to production ready web servers.
Hint
This will not start the consumer. Paperless does this in a separate process.
Setup systemd services to run paperless automatically. You may use the service definition files included in the
scripts
folder as a starting point.Paperless needs the
webserver
script to run the webserver, theconsumer
script to watch the input folder, and thescheduler
script to run tasks such as email checking and document consumption.You may need to adjust the path to the
gunicorn
executable. This will be installed as part of the python dependencies, and is either located in thebin
folder of your virtual environment, or in~/.local/bin/
if no virtual environment is used.These services rely on redis and optionally the database server, but don’t need to be started in any particular order. The example files depend on redis being started. If you use a database server, you should add additional dependencies.
Caution
The included scripts run a
gunicorn
standalone server, which is fine for running paperless. It does support SSL, however, the documentation of GUnicorn states that you should use a proxy server in front of gunicorn instead.For instructions on how to use nginx for that, see the instructions below.
Optional: Install a samba server and make the consumption folder available as a network share.
Configure ImageMagick to allow processing of PDF documents. Most distributions have this disabled by default, since PDF documents can contain malware. If you don’t do this, paperless will fall back to ghostscript for certain steps such as thumbnail generation.
Edit
/etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml
and adjust<policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />
to
<policy domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF" />
Optional: Install the jbig2enc encoder. This will reduce the size of generated PDF documents. You’ll most likely need to compile this by yourself, because this software has been patented until around 2017 and binary packages are not available for most distributions.
Install Paperless using ansible
Note
- This role currently only supports Debian 10 Buster and Ubuntu 20.04 Focal or later as target hosts.
Additionally, only i386 or amd64 based hosts are supported right now, i.e. installation on arm hosts will fail.
Install ansible 2.7+ on the management node. This may be the target host paperless-ng is being installed on or any remote host which can access the target host. For further details, check the ansible inventory documentation.
On Debian and Ubuntu, the official repositories should provide a suitable version:
apt install ansible ansible --version
Alternatively, you can install the most recent ansible release using PyPI:
python3 -m pip install ansible ansible --version
Make sure your taget hosts are accessible:
ansible -m ping YourAnsibleTargetHostGoesHere
Install the latest tag of the ansible role using ansible-galaxy
ansible-galaxy install git+https://github.com/jonaswinkler/paperless-ng.git,ng-1.4.2
Create an ansible
playbook.yml
in a directory of your choice:- hosts: YourAnsibleTargetHostGoesHere become: yes vars_files: - vars/paperless-ng.yml roles: - paperless-ng
Optional: If you also want to use PostgreSQL on the target system, install and add (for example) the geerlingguy.postgresql role:
ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.postgresql
- hosts: YourAnsibleTargetHostGoesHere become: yes vars_files: - vars/paperless-ng.yml roles: - geerlingguy.postgresql - paperless-ng
Optional: If you also want to use a reverse proxy on the target system, install and add (for example) the geerlingguy.nginx role:
ansible-galaxy install geerlingguy.nginx
- hosts: YourAnsibleTargetHostGoesHere become: yes vars_files: - vars/paperless-ng.yml roles: - geerlingguy.postgresql - paperless-ng - geerlingguy.nginx
Create
vars/paperless-ng.yml
to configure your ansible deployment:paperlessng_secret_key: PleaseGenerateAStrongKeyForThis paperlessng_superuser_name: YourUserName paperlessng_superuser_email: name@domain.tld paperlessng_superuser_password: YourDesiredPasswordUsedForFirstLogin paperlessng_ocr_languages: - eng - deu
For all of the available options, please check
ansible/README.md
and Configuration.Optional configurations for the above-mentioned PostgreSQL and nginx roles would also go here.
Run the ansible playbook from the management node:
ansible-playbook playbook.yml
When this step completes successfully, paperless-ng will be available on the target host at
http://127.0.0.1:8000
(or the address you configured).
Migration to paperless-ng
At its core, paperless-ng is still paperless and fully compatible. However, some things have changed under the hood, so you need to adapt your setup depending on how you installed paperless.
This setup describes how to update an existing paperless Docker installation. The important things to keep in mind are as follows:
Read the changelog and take note of breaking changes.
You should decide if you want to stick with SQLite or want to migrate your database to PostgreSQL. See Moving data from SQLite to PostgreSQL for details on how to move your data from SQLite to PostgreSQL. Both work fine with paperless. However, if you already have a database server running for other services, you might as well use it for paperless as well.
The task scheduler of paperless, which is used to execute periodic tasks such as email checking and maintenance, requires a redis message broker instance. The docker-compose route takes care of that.
The layout of the folder structure for your documents and data remains the same, so you can just plug your old docker volumes into paperless-ng and expect it to find everything where it should be.
Migration to paperless-ng is then performed in a few simple steps:
Stop paperless.
$ cd /path/to/current/paperless $ docker-compose down
Do a backup for two purposes: If something goes wrong, you still have your data. Second, if you don’t like paperless-ng, you can switch back to paperless.
Download the latest release of paperless-ng. You can either go with the docker-compose files from here or clone the repository to build the image yourself (see above). You can either replace your current paperless folder or put paperless-ng in a different location.
Caution
Paperless-ng includes a
.env
file. This will set the project name for docker compose topaperless
, which will also define the name of the volumes by paperless-ng. However, if you experience that paperless-ng is not using your old paperless volumes, verify the names of your volumes with$ docker volume ls | grep _data
and adjust the project name in the
.env
file so that it matches the name of the volumes before the_data
part.Download the
docker-compose.sqlite.yml
file todocker-compose.yml
. If you want to switch to PostgreSQL, do that after you migrated your existing SQLite database.Adjust
docker-compose.yml
anddocker-compose.env
to your needs. See Install Paperless from Docker Hub for details on which edits are advised.In order to find your existing documents with the new search feature, you need to invoke a one-time operation that will create the search index:
$ docker-compose run --rm webserver document_index reindex
This will migrate your database and create the search index. After that, paperless will take care of maintaining the index by itself.
Start paperless-ng.
$ docker-compose up -d
This will run paperless in the background and automatically start it on system boot.
Paperless installed a permanent redirect to
admin/
in your browser. This redirect is still in place and prevents access to the new UI. Clear your browsing cache in order to fix this.Optionally, follow the instructions below to migrate your existing data to PostgreSQL.
Moving data from SQLite to PostgreSQL
Moving your data from SQLite to PostgreSQL is done via executing a series of django management commands as below.
Caution
Make sure that your SQLite database is migrated to the latest version. Starting paperless will make sure that this is the case. If your try to load data from an old database schema in SQLite into a newer database schema in PostgreSQL, you will run into trouble.
Warning
On some database fields, PostgreSQL enforces predefined limits on maximum length, whereas SQLite does not. The fields in question are the title of documents (128 characters), names of document types, tags and correspondents (128 characters), and filenames (1024 characters). If you have data in these fields that surpasses these limits, migration to PostgreSQL is not possible and will fail with an error.
Stop paperless, if it is running.
Tell paperless to use PostgreSQL:
With docker, copy the provided
docker-compose.postgres.yml
file todocker-compose.yml
. Remember to adjust the consumption directory, if necessary.Without docker, configure the database in your
paperless.conf
file. See Configuration for details.
Open a shell and initialize the database:
With docker, run the following command to open a shell within the paperless container:
$ cd /path/to/paperless $ docker-compose run --rm webserver /bin/bash
This will launch the container and initialize the PostgreSQL database.
Without docker, remember to activate any virtual environment, switch to the
src
directory and create the database schema:$ cd /path/to/paperless/src $ python3 manage.py migrate
This will not copy any data yet.
Dump your data from SQLite:
$ python3 manage.py dumpdata --database=sqlite --exclude=contenttypes --exclude=auth.Permission > data.json
Load your data into PostgreSQL:
$ python3 manage.py loaddata data.json
If operating inside Docker, you may exit the shell now.
$ exit
Start paperless.
Moving back to paperless
Lets say you migrated to Paperless-ng and used it for a while, but decided that you don’t like it and want to move back (If you do, send me a mail about what part you didn’t like!), you can totally do that with a few simple steps.
Paperless-ng modified the database schema slightly, however, these changes can be reverted while keeping your current data, so that your current data will be compatible with original Paperless.
Execute this:
$ cd /path/to/paperless
$ docker-compose run --rm webserver migrate documents 0023
Or without docker:
$ cd /path/to/paperless/src
$ python3 manage.py migrate documents 0023
After that, you need to clear your cookies (Paperless-ng comes with updated dependencies that do cookie-processing differently) and probably your cache as well.
Considerations for less powerful devices
Paperless runs on Raspberry Pi. However, some things are rather slow on the Pi and configuring some options in paperless can help improve performance immensely:
Stick with SQLite to save some resources.
Consider setting
PAPERLESS_OCR_PAGES
to 1, so that paperless will only OCR the first page of your documents. In most cases, this page contains enough information to be able to find it.PAPERLESS_TASK_WORKERS
andPAPERLESS_THREADS_PER_WORKER
are configured to use all cores. The Raspberry Pi models 3 and up have 4 cores, meaning that paperless will use 2 workers and 2 threads per worker. This may result in sluggish response times during consumption, so you might want to lower these settings (example: 2 workers and 1 thread to always have some computing power left for other tasks).Keep
PAPERLESS_OCR_MODE
at its default valueskip
and consider OCR’ing your documents before feeding them into paperless. Some scanners are able to do this! You might want to even specifyskip_noarchive
to skip archive file generation for already ocr’ed documents entirely.If you want to perform OCR on the the device, consider using
PAPERLESS_OCR_CLEAN=none
. This will speed up OCR times and use less memory at the expense of slightly worse OCR results.Set
PAPERLESS_OPTIMIZE_THUMBNAILS
to ‘false’ if you want faster consumption times. Thumbnails will be about 20% larger.If using docker, consider setting
PAPERLESS_WEBSERVER_WORKERS
to 1. This will save some memory.
For details, refer to Configuration.
Note
Updating the automatic matching algorithm takes quite a bit of time. However, the update mechanism checks if your data has changed before doing the heavy lifting. If you experience the algorithm taking too much cpu time, consider changing the schedule in the admin interface to daily. You can also manually invoke the task by changing the date and time of the next run to today/now.
The actual matching of the algorithm is fast and works on Raspberry Pi as well as on any other device.
Using nginx as a reverse proxy
If you want to expose paperless to the internet, you should hide it behind a reverse proxy with SSL enabled.
In addition to the usual configuration for SSL, the following configuration is required for paperless to operate:
http {
# Adjust as required. This is the maximum size for file uploads.
# The default value 1M might be a little too small.
client_max_body_size 10M;
server {
location / {
# Adjust host and port as required.
proxy_pass http://localhost:8000/;
# These configuration options are required for WebSockets to work.
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection "upgrade";
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $server_name;
}
}
}
Also read this, towards the end of the section.